Upcycling: Transforming waste into products of higher quality or value, like turning old clothing into bags or quilts1. 

Downcycling: Converting materials into new products of lower quality, such as using recycled plastic to make park benches1. 

Composting: Organic waste like food scraps and yard waste can be composted to enrich soil1. 

Freecycling: Giving away unwanted items for free instead of throwing them away, often organized through online platforms1. 

Precycling: Choosing products with minimal packaging or made from recycled materials to reduce waste from the start1. 

New Recycling Technologies: Innovations like ‘PureCycle Technology’ for recycling polypropylene into a reusable resin are emerging2. 

Internet of Things (IoT): IoT technology is being used to optimize recycling routes by monitoring waste levels in bins and dumpsters2. 

These methods not only help in waste reduction but also contribute to a circular economy, keeping materials in use for as long as possible and reducing the need for new resources. For more detailed information on these methods, you can explore the resources provided21. Happy recycling!